The Difference Between Anxiety and Depression

The Difference Between Anxiety and Depression

Although anxiety and depression are separate diagnoses, it is quite common to see individuals struggle to determine which diagnosis best matches what they may be experiencing. In some cases, some individuals do experience symptoms of both disorders and therefore work towards understanding and reducing the cycle that anxiety and depression can have on one another. 

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder is defined as experiencing excessive worry and anxiety about a variety of topics, events, concepts, and more. The anxiety is present for six or more months. In the event that it lasts less than six months, and there is an identifying factor that may have triggered the anxiety, this may be related to Adjustment disorder with anxiety. Adjustment disorder with anxiety is often seen during life transitions, life changes, and possibly traumatic events, and dissipates no later than six months (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). When anxiety is present for longer than six months, this is when it becomes classified as a generalized anxiety disorder. The worry that is experienced when having anxiety can feel very challenging to control and shift from one area to another (work, relationships, etc.). Individuals who struggle with anxiety may experience at least three symptoms of the physical and/or cognitive symptoms as follows: Edginess or restlessness, easily or more fatigued, trouble concentrating, irritability, increased muscle aches or soreness, and difficulty sleeping (trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, restlessness) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 

These symptoms will vary for each individual, but it is also important to be mindful of any other physical concerns that may branch from the above-listed symptoms. Muscle aches, tension, or soreness can be seen through chest tightness and shoulder/back tension, in addition to abdominal aches (possibly stomach aches). When experiencing stress or anxiety our natural response is to fall into the flight, fight, or freeze, and naturally tense our body and muscles to be prepared for conflict. The continuous pattern of being in this state of mind not only will lead to physical and mental fatigue but possibly begin to trigger physiological symptoms (being more prone to other illnesses). One of the most important components for treating anxiety is to practice mindfulness in being aware of the physical, cognitive, and possibly physiological symptoms that occur when feeling anxious.

Major Depressive Disorder/Persistent Depressive Disorder 

Major Depressive disorder consists of experiencing depressed mood and/or loss of interest/pleasure. Individuals may experience poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hyper-insomnia, fatigue (loss of energy), feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt (low self-esteem), decreased concentration, and possibly thoughts of suicide (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Major depressive disorder  is often classified as an episode, in which the symptoms are present during the same two-week period that mark a difference in functioning outside of the two-week period of depression. With Persistent depressive disorder, the symptoms are present for a period of two years consistently (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Both diagnoses have the same theme of experiencing depressed mood, but differ in duration and frequency of when it occurs.

How They Might Overlap

When struggling with anxiety and/or depression, sometimes it can be difficult to determine the difference between the symptoms. Some symptoms overlap, such as fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and difficulty with sleep. When struggling with anxiety, the excess worry and muscle tension can cause increased fatigue, and possibly generate a need for more sleep, which may appear as excess sleep (similar in depression). In addition, with depression, an individual may struggle with low self-worth, and in some cases, this can be seen with anxiety when the topic of nervousness revolves around self-esteem. Occasionally, it can be difficult to determine which diagnosis fits your cases, but in some instances, you may struggle with both at the same time. In some cases, both diagnoses can be present, and can create a challenging cycle where anxiety may feed depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms may feed anxious thoughts. In either case, it is important to address all areas of concern, regardless of diagnosis.

Having a diagnosis of either of these disorders can be helpful in understanding what is going on internally, and how to treat it. However, the most important plan of action is to find treatment either way. Reaching out for help is the most important step to take when struggling with mental health. Taking care of yourself must become a priority, and overall self-care is highly advised in order to begin treating mental health concerns. This may look like, but is not limited to, monitoring your medical health, balancing nutrition, engaging in safe physical activities, and seeking mental health services. If you ever experience any thoughts of self-harm or suicide please reach out to a loved one, emergency services, mental health profession, or the national suicide prevention lifeline (800-273-8255). Help is available. 

Reference

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).